Blanding's & Western Pond Turtles Emys   Duméril, 1806
An adult specimen of E. marmorata from Trinity County, California Image © Suzanne L. Collins, 2004
Taxonomic Comments:
Spinks, Phillip Q., & H. Bradley Shaffer (2009. Conflicting Mitochondrial and Nuclear Phylogenies for the Widely Disjunct Emys (Testudines: Emydidae) Species Complex, and What They Tell Us about Biogeography and Hybridization. Systematic Biology. 58(1): pp. 1-20), using mtDNA and nucleic DNA, demonstrated that the European species and North American Actinemys and Emydoidea should be combined in a single genus Emys Duméril 1806.